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Biodiversity: The Engine of Forest Growth in Humid Climates
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Tree biodiversity not only beautifies the landscape but is also a crucial factor for forest growth in humid climates, according to cutting-edge research conducted by the University of Michigan in collaboration with over 30 scientific institutions. The study, which analyzed nearly 100,000 trees from 130 different species across 15 forest experiments worldwide, concludes that trees surrounded by greater species diversity grow faster—a finding that could have significant implications for ecological restoration and forest management.
An Individual Approach to Understanding the Forest
Researchers adopted a detailed approach, studying each tree and its immediate surroundings to assess specific interactions between species. This method allowed them to identify patterns of ecological complementarity, where trees surrounded by different species showed accelerated growth in humid areas. In contrast, this effect was far less pronounced or nonexistent in arid regions.
The study highlights that the benefits of biodiversity are not solely due to the number of species present but also to functional diversity. Traits such as specific leaf area, wood density, root depth, and crown shape determine how species interact and share resources like light and nutrients, creating synergies that drive collective growth.
Contrary to popular belief, biodiversity did not provide additional advantages during extreme events like droughts or heatwaves. Its positive effect was most evident under normal climatic conditions, suggesting its role in forest management should be seen as a driver of consistent productivity rather than a barrier against disasters.
Incorporating diversity as a technical criterion is an urgent and feasible measure in the fight against the climate crisis. Although the studied trees were young, the results provide a solid foundation for decision-making in reforestation. The diversity of neighboring trees not only enhances individual performance but can also amplify landscape-level benefits, such as carbon sequestration, soil regeneration, and ecosystem resilience.
Planting with Purpose: Toward Applied Ecological Intelligence
Researchers emphasize that effective forest restoration requires more than just planting trees—it demands planning based on functional diversity. "Greening alone is not enough; it must be done with ecological intelligence," they conclude. Adopting this approach could revolutionize how we restore ecosystems, combat climate change, and rebuild resilient landscapes.
